[Python 教程] Python 多线程编程指南

Python 多线程编程指南

Python 的 threading 模块提供多线程支持。本文介绍多线程编程的基础和实用技巧。

一、创建线程

import threading
import time

def worker(name, delay):
    for i in range(3):
        time.sleep(delay)
        print(f'{name} 执行第 {i+1} 次')

# 创建线程
t1 = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=('线程 1', 1))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=('线程 2', 1.5))

# 启动线程
t1.start()
t2.start()

# 等待线程完成
t1.join()
t2.join()

print('所有线程完成')

二、线程池

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

def task(n):
    time.sleep(1)
    return f'任务 {n} 完成'

with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:
    results = list(executor.map(task, range(5)))
    print(results)

三、线程锁

lock = threading.Lock()
counter = 0

def increment():
    global counter
    for _ in range(1000):
        lock.acquire()
        try:
            counter += 1
        finally:
            lock.release()

threads = []
for _ in range(5):
    t = threading.Thread(target=increment)
    threads.append(t)
    t.start()

for t in threads:
    t.join()

print(f'最终计数：{counter}')

四、守护线程

def daemon_worker():
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)
        print('守护线程运行中...')

d = threading.Thread(target=daemon_worker)
d.setDaemon(True)  # 设置为守护线程
d.start()

五、线程通信

from queue import Queue

queue = Queue()

def producer():
    for i in range(5):
        queue.put(i)
        print(f'生产：{i}')

def consumer():
    while True:
        item = queue.get()
        if item is None:
            break
        print(f'消费：{item}')
        queue.task_done()

p = threading.Thread(target=producer)
c = threading.Thread(target=consumer)
p.start()
c.start()
p.join()
queue.put(None)
c.join()